Pediatric gastrointestinal outcomes during the post-acute phase of COVID-19: Findings from RECOVER Initiative from 29 hospitals in the US

Caution: Preprints are preliminary reports of work that have not been certified by peer review. They should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

View Preprint on PubMed

Published

July 2024

Journal

medRxiv

Abstract

Importance: The profile of gastrointestinal (GI) outcomes that may affect children in post-acute and chronic phases of COVID-19 remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the risks of GI symptoms and disorders during the post-acute phase (28 days to 179 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection) and the chronic phase (180 days to 729 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection) in the pediatric population. Design: We used a retrospective cohort design from March 2020 to Sept 2023. Setting: twenty-nine healthcare institutions. Participants: A total of 413,455 patients aged not above 18 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1,163,478 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exposures: Documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, including positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology, or antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2, or diagnoses of COVID-19 and COVID-related conditions. Main outcomes and measures: Prespecified GI symptoms and disorders during two intervals: post-acute phase and chronic phase following the documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adjusted risk ratio (aRR) was determined using a stratified Poisson regression model, with strata computed based on the propensity score. Results: Our cohort comprised 1,576,933 patients, with females representing 48.0% of the sample. The analysis revealed that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an increased risk of developing at least one GI symptom or disorder in both the post-acute (8.64% vs. 6.85%; aRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.24-1.27) and chronic phases (12.60% vs. 9.47%; aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.26-1.30) compared to uninfected peers. Specifically, the risk of abdominal pain was higher in COVID-19 positive patients during the post-acute phase (2.54% vs. 2.06%; aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.11-1.17) and chronic phase (4.57% vs. 3.40%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.22-1.27). Conclusions and relevance: In the post-acute phase or chronic phase of COVID-19, the risk of GI symptoms and disorders was increased for COVID-positive patients in the pediatric population. 

Authors

Dazheng Zhang, Ronen Stein, Yiwen Lu, Ting Zhou, Yuqing Lei, Lu Li, Jiajie Chen, Jonathan Arnold, Michael J Becich, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, Cynthia H Chuang, Dimitri A Christakis, Daniel Fort, Carol R Geary, Mady Hornig, Rainu Kaushal, David M Liebovitz, Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa, Hiroki Morizono, Parsa Mirhaji, Jennifer L Dotson, Claudia Pulgarin, Marion R Sills, Srinivasan Suresh, David A Williams, Robert N Baldassano, Christopher B Forrest, Yong Chen

Keywords

COVID-19; Gastrointestinal outcomes; Post-acute phase